Introduction: The absorption of the overflow of population has been one of the main reasons for establishing new towns and SATELLITE SETTLEMENTS on the periphery of metropolises. A few decades after beginnings of the establishment of these SETTLEMENTS, many residents of new towns look these places as temporary settlement, and if prerequisites of migration are prepared, they would migrate to metropolis as soon as possible. This paper is analytical and causal research that investigates the factors affecting population migration in SATELLITE SETTLEMENTS of Isfahan city. For this purpose and at first step, people’s tendency to migration was examined in studied SETTLEMENTS; for positive cases, the main factors affecting this tendency were questioned; finally these factors were analyzed to determine their portion in this respect. The questionnaire survey was designed to collect needed data, and analysis of data was done by using the method of regression analysis applying SPSS software.Theoretical bases: As previously mentioned the first step of this study devoted to investigate the rate of households’ tendency to migration. Then, among households with positive tendency, related affecting factors were studied; based on this research these factors are as follows: shortcomings in health and curative services, shortage of leisure time spending spaces and shortage of security. The intrinsic importance of these factors is attributed as follow. World Health Organization recognized health as a state or quality of complete physical, emotional, social, economic, cultural and spiritual well-being (Marotz, 2008). Each of these dimensions points one of the main aspects of human health, yet they have close relationship and reciprocal effects. “Basically four important groups of determinants can be distinguished: life-style, the physical environment, the social environment and endogenous individual attributes, either genetic or acquired during life; The physical and social environments, as well as life-style are regarded as exogenous determinants” (de Hollander and Staatsen, 2003). “Urban ecosystem health is not defined as a standard quantitative measurement, but rather described as what healthy urban ecosystems should or should not contain. This statement reflects the vagueness of urban ecosystem health. Based on the acknowledged need to sustainably integrate reasonable human demands and the ecosystem's ability for renewal, the inclusive factors of a healthy urban ecosystem can be drafted from both the human and ecological dimensions” (Su et al., 2010, 2427). Mental restfulness and psychological health is one of important dimensions of human health that is affected by life environment attributes. In this respect, “A prerequisite for a sustainable urban environment is that it should not pose a threat to current or future users. The reduction of threats to personal health and the natural environment are the objectives commonly associated with the idea of sustainable urban development. However, in a sustainable urban environment it is also essential that the inhabitants should not have cause for fear for their personal safety and the safety of possessions”(Cozens, 2002; Du Plessis, 1999). CPTED (crime prevention through environmental design) is defined by Crowe (2000) as “the proper design and effective use of the built environment which can lead to a reduction in the fear of crime and the incidence of crime, and to an improvement in the quality of life”. It involves the design and management of the physical environment to reduce the opportunities for crime (Cozens, 2002). WHO has sought to place health more centrally on the sustainable development agenda (Schirnding, 2002). Sustainable development cannot be achieved if there is a high prevalence of debilitating illness and poverty, and the health of populations cannot be maintained without healthy environments and intact life-support systems (Schirnding, 2002). Poor health may cause entire families to drop into abject poverty, because of inability to work or the necessity to sell assets in order to pay for treatment (Smith et al., 2009). Regional inequality in health could be a result of inequalities in economic development, public health expenditures, and health care services (Fanga et al., 2010). For some, a commitment to equity in health means that all social groups should have a basic minimum level of well-being and services (Braveman and Tarimo, 2002). Today, investment in health is touted as the route to economic development. Substantially increased fund allocations for health, from both domestic and external aid, are promised to usher in economic growth (John and Abel, 2002). Urban planners have become increasingly interested in how they can help improve human health (Slotterback et al., 2011). It is widely recognized that the spatial planning of human urban activity is affecting quality of life, health and well-being (Barton, 2009). Health and land use planning are historically linked. Modern planning originated in the nineteenth century expressly in order to combat unhealthy conditions. It was recognized then, and still is, that there is an umbilical link between environmental conditions and human health. The environment is seen as one of the key determinants of health, alongside inherited characteristics, lifestyles, and social and economic variables (Barton, 2009).Discussion: The result of study show that 39 percent of households tend to migrate to metropolis. The most important factors affecting on tendency to migration to metropolis are as follows: shortcomings in health and curative services, shortage of leisure time spending spaces and shortage of security; these factors was named as “Life Health Factors”. For determining the rate of effect of selected factors on tendency to migration, regression analysis was used; in this way, mentioned three factors were assumed as independent variable and tendency to migration as dependent variable. Results show that these factors explain 78% of the changes of tendency to migration. So, it seems that improvement of healthy city indicators in new towns and SATELLITE SETTLEMENTS - whose one of their main goals is absorption of metropolises’ overflow population- emphasizing mentioned three factors can decrease their people’s tendency to migration to metropolis.Conclusion: The main goals of establishing new towns and SATELLITE SETTLEMENTS in Iran were decentralization, absorption of the overflow of metropolises’ population etc. Achieving this goal depends on making new towns as healthy environments; because these SETTLEMENTS should be alive and responsive enough to be effective in the way of requested aims. The result of this study shows that life health and environmental health are of great importance in this respect; shortcomings in health and curative services, shortage of leisure time spending spaces and shortage of security were main factors effecting population tendency to migration from new towns and SATELLITE SETTLEMENTS to metropolis or downtown. All of these factors are related to human health dimensions; in fact, the mentioned factors have close link with mental restfulness and psychological health, health services etc. However, if new towns and SATELLITE SETTLEMENTS of metropolises are not healthy environments, they cannot act effective in maintaining absorbed people, and they would be seen as temporary SETTLEMENTS and consequently they would not achieved their predicted goals. So, for preventing or decreasing these migrations, improvement of the healthy city indicators and life health factors in periphery SETTLEMENTS is necessary; In fact, the environment of these SETTLEMENTS should have enough attractions to decrease migration tendency.

A B S T R A C T Tourism as a socio-economic activity plays an essential role in the economic, social, physical, and cultural dimensions of rural SETTLEMENTS in developing countries, which can have significant impacts on rural physical identity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of tourism on the identity changes of rural SETTLEMENTS in Oraman area of Sarvabad Township in Kurdistan province. Therefore, the present study questions 1. What is the relationship between tourism development and rural identity changes in the study area? What are the most critical factors influencing the physical development of rural SETTLEMENTS? He answers. The present study is a descriptive-analytical based on data collection using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 7 villages located in the Dezli-Hajij communication axis in Oraman District based on population and housing census data of 1395 with 1572 households and 306 households were selected using Cochran formula. One-sample t-test and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that tourism development in the sample villages in terms of continuity over time such as housing construction quality (3/67), sanitation (3/39) and land-use changes (3/78) and unity and plurality such as Design and style of housing architecture (3/01) and public transit architecture (3/23) and then differentiation and homogeneity such as proportionality with rural life (3/58) and rurality or location (3/43) have a positive impact on the physical dimensions of rural SETTLEMENTS in the region. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that tourism development plays a vital role in the development of rural physical identity in the region. So that the proportion of rural life with a specific amount of 13/6 and 27% of the total variance had the most influence among the factors Extended Abstract Introduction  As an important socio-economic activity in local and regional development, tourism has a high potential for political, social, and economic changes in communities. Scholars widely regard it as the engine of development. Today, rural areas in developing countries face various economic, social, and environmental challenges. Planners need to pay more attention to complementary sectors of agricultural activities such as the development of handicrafts, food industries, and tourism because agriculture is now retreating from its hegemonic position in some rural areas. Therefore, tourism as one of the essential approaches to rural development has multiple effects on the socio-economic dimensions of rural areas. Tourism can play a vital role in shaping spaces, reconfiguring and rebuilding processes, creating new socio-economic opportunities in less-developed rural areas,  and leads to changes in the physical dimensions and physical identity of the villages.   Methodology This study aims to investigate the role of tourism development in the physical identity of  rural SETTLEMENTS located in the Dezley-Hajij road axis in Oraman County (Sarvabad Township- Kurdistan province) in western Iran. This applied study methodology of research was based on analytical– descriptive methods using questionnaires. After the survey of theoretical bases, the questionnaire was set using a Likert spectrum and distributed randomly among the sample. The statistical population of this study consisted of 1572 households residing in the villages of Daraki (Dezli County), Veisiyan and Kamaleh (Oraman County), Belbar, Jivar, Celin, and Novin (Shalyar County), with a sample of 306 was selected by Cochran formula. A questionnaire was further validated by an academic panel of experts in the field of research. Cronbach's alpha determined its reliability, which was up to 0.890 for measured indexes. The data were analyzed by One sample T-test and Factor   analysis tests in the SPSS software package.    Results and discussion To investigate the role of tourism activities in the physical identity change of rural SETTLEMENTS, the research indices in terms of three components of time continuity (quality of constructions, health, and environmental cleanliness and land-use transformations), unity/multiplicity (Landscape of free passages and the type of architectural style), and differentiation/similarity (proportional to rural life and Compliance with the physical environment) were classified. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that assuming numerical utility (3 mean spectra), the components of continuity in time, variance, multiplicity, and differentiation and similarity with numerical mean values (3.62), (3.35), and (3.27), respectively. The effect of tourism development is affected, and the difference is positive and means between upper and lower boundaries. There is a significant difference at the 95% level between the components. Evaluation of the importance of tourism in the physical development of rural SETTLEMENTS from the viewpoint of the respondents using factor analysis statistical test showed that the relevant data according to the KMO coefficient (0.812) is appropriate, and the Bartlett's test is 99% significant. Therefore, 50 variables extracted from the questionnaire were classified into six main factors, namely rural planning and architecture, beautification and environmental hygiene, privacy and road improvement, rural livelihoods, cultural regeneration, and physical security.   Conclusion Findings based on the utility analysis of indicators indicate the positive impact of tourism development on the development of physical identity changes in rural SETTLEMENTS in the study area. Thus, the development of tourism in the villages under study has been able to positively influence the three dimensions of identity, such as continuity in time, unity and plurality, and differentiation and similarity. Therefore, it can be concluded that tourism development due to its social and economic impacts on the villages has also led to changes in rural physical identity. Moreover, hygiene and cleanliness of the rural environment were observed with a numerical mean (3.81) and (3.67), respectively, both of which are indices in the continuity component over time. The results of the data analysis using factor analysis showed that the studied variables had 6% of the total variance in 5% of total variance. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that tourism development in two factors in terms of continuity in time has the most impact on the physical identity of rural SETTLEMENTS at 41%. Thus, planning and architecture of rural housing with 27% of the total variance and beautification and sanitation of the physical environment with 14% of the total variance have a significant impact on the physical changes and, consequently, the physical identity of the rural SETTLEMENTS. Based on the research findings, the following suggestions can be considered: Strengthening local institutions, such as the Islamic Council and the local managers, in order to promote the use of local patterns in the construction of new instruments to conform to the physical structure and function of the villages in the region; Management of land use changes on the edge of the village in order to prevent unnecessary physical changes in the way of preservation and environmental beauty; Prevent the accumulation of pesticides in public passages due to tourism in the area; Improving public beauties and beautifying them using the social and cultural elements of the region.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest The Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments The authors appreciate to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

In this study, a HindIII SATELLITE DNA (168bp) was isolated from Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii and was used as a probe for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with the chromosomes of Persian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon. After obtaining suitable chromosomal preparations from the fishes through leukocyte culture and labeling the probe with Spectrum orange (Orange-dUTP) through Nick translation method, the probe was hybridized with chromosomes of the fishes on the microscopic slide. In the studied chromosomal preparations, the hybridization colored signals were clearly visible. Counting the produced signals in twelve chromosomal preparations of three fishes from each species showed that the mean number of the signals in the chromosomal preparations of the Persian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon were 67± 3 and 68± 4 respectively. In this study, accurate kind determining of chromosomes and HindIII SatDNA site on the chromosomes were impossible due to the presence of microchromosomes and heterogeneity of shapes and sizes of colored signals.

Although the item of people co- ordination is rooted back in ancient , but the poverty and changes in city growth absorbed history new settlers in suburb.Whereas a lack in urban and economic management system caused the expansion of poverty and led to citizens’ separation, living in suburb, meanwhile, created a new and complex concept to "people Co- Ordination" and brought it to a higher and public level than individual one.In 1346, the project of "The 9th of Aban Complex" which aimed to set up homes for home -lesses and ghetto was not welcomed by this group of new citizens.This article focuses on this fact that, while the government development programs couldn't meet the favorite needs and destruction of ghettoes was taken as an artificial remedy, how would be the future perspective of this fact if it happens from the opposite side?According to the facts mentioned above: 1- what are the main bases of active co-ordination in suburbanization? 2- How will the social engineering and supporting solutions be formed in order to help suburbanite?3- What are the suitable steps taken by government to empower of settlers in rural?4- And finally what are the most important limitations and obstacles against people co - ordination?

The concept of resilience is rooted in the discourse of sustainable management, especially in the coastal areas. Resilience is regarded as a desirable attribute, and policy and practice in coastal area management are increasingly aimed toward promoting it. Considering the effects of climate change, achieving social, economic, and physical resilience in coastal environments is very costly in the long run. This study aimed to examine the resiliency of the coastal SETTLEMENTS in the province of Guilān. Twenty-one indices have been used in different social, economic, and physical dimensions to measure the resilience of the coastal SETTLEMENTS of Guilān province. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is the coastal SETTLEMENTS of Guilān province (the SETTLEMENTS of Āstārā, Tālesh, Bandar-e Anzali, Rasht, Rezvānshahr, Āstāneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Rudsar, Lāhijān, Langrud and Māsāl). BWM and PROMETHEE models were used for data analysis. According to the study's findings, Rezvānshahr, Āstārā, Rasht, Lāhijān, and Bandar-e Anzali have sufficient resilience levels, while Āstāneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Rudsar, Tālesh, Māsāl, and Langrud have inadequate resilience levels. Extended Abstract Introduction Coastal cities worldwide are changing considerably due to human-induced vulnerability, population growth, and global climate change. The results of this transition show that coastal regions are very vulnerable to coastal hazards such as hurricanes, coastline erosion, coastal flooding, tsunamis, and rising sea levels caused by climate change. These risks gravely threaten coastal towns' physical, social, and economic components. The ecosystem of the sea and coastal areas is being destroyed due to the growth of people in coastal areas. According to estimates, more than half of the world's population is within 60 kilometers of the shoreline, and around 10% of Iran's population resides along the Caspian Sea.Numerous studies have been conducted due to concerns raised in recent years regarding how disaster-resilient communities. Few studies have been conducted regarding the country's coastal regions, according to the study of the research's literature. The demands of local residents and visitors, the exploitation of minerals, and the disposal and destruction of rubbish have put growing pressure on the seacoasts during the past century. There is a growing rivalry between corporate and public sector interests in coastal areas. The current study has thus looked at the coastal SETTLEMENTS in northern Iran to address this gap (Guilān province).MethodologyAccording to the applied-developmental purpose, the nature of the study, and the specified goals, the current research used a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population included the coastal communities in the province of Guilān. BWM and PROMETHEE models were utilized for data analysis in Excel, PROMETHEE, and Arc GIS.Social resilience indicators: This index comes after the creation of nine resilience indicators, including population density, sex ratio, percentage of total literacy, percentage of female literacy, percentage of higher education recipients, percentage of immigrants, percentage of vulnerable populations (those under 15 and over 65), percentage of female-headed households, and percentage of single women (due to the death of a spouse or divorce). These indicators influence resilience in a significant way. Resilience, for instance, is likely to be lower in seniors (over 65) and young people when an accident occurs in one location (less than 14 years old).Economic resilience indicators: Economic resilience has been measured in this study using "gross employment rate, general population activity rate, economic burden, gross dependency burden, subsistence burden, and net dependency ratio."Physical resilience indicators: In this research, to measure physical resilience, the indicators of "percentage of resistant housing, percentage of housing ownership, percentage of rented housing, people in a residential unit, vulnerable people in a residential unit and residential units fewer than 80 square meters " were used.Results and discussionThe level of social resilience in Guilān's coastal SETTLEMENTS: A community's capacity to bounce back and use its resources to rebuild itself is known as social resilience. The population density, gender ratio, percentage of total literacy, percentage of female literacy, percentage of people with higher education, percentage of vulnerable people (those under the age of 15 and over the age of 65), percentage of immigrants, percentage of female-headed households, and percentage of single women (due to the death of a spouse or d) are all used in this study to determine the social resilience of the coastal SETTLEMENTS of Guilān Province. Results indicated that Rasht, Āstārā, Bandar-e Anzali, Rezvānshahr, and other SETTLEMENTS in the study had low levels of social resilience.The level of economic resilience in Guilān's coastal SETTLEMENTS: Economic resilience is characterized as the innate ability of people and communities to respond to and adapt to risks in a way that enables them to minimize possible losses brought on by hazards. In other terms, resilience refers to a society's aptitude and ability to resume economic activity following a crisis. The indicators of gross employment rate, general population activity rate, economic burden, gross dependence burden, subsistence burden, and net dependency ratio have been used to determine the economic resilience of the coastal SETTLEMENTS in Guilān Province. The economic resilience of the coastal SETTLEMENTS in Guilān Province has been determined by combining these data. The findings indicated that Langrod, Āstāneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Lāhijān, and Māsāl have enough economic resilience, but Bandar-e Anzali, Rezvānshahr, Āstārā, Rudsar, Rasht, and Tālesh have poor resilience.The level of physical resilience in Guilān's coastal SETTLEMENTS: The resistance of constructed buildings to changes and future crises is defined as physical resilience. Indicators of resistant housing percentage, housing ownership percentage, rental housing percentage, people per residential unit, vulnerable people per residential unit, and residential units less than 80 square meters have all been used to gauge the physical resilience of coastal SETTLEMENTS in Guilān Province. The overall index of physical resilience of the coastal SETTLEMENTS in Guilān Province was generated from the combination of the previously listed factors. The findings demonstrated that physical resilience is adequate in the SETTLEMENTS of Rezvānshahr, Āstārā, Bandar-e Anzali, Lāhijān, and Māsāl. Still, it is unsuitable in Āstāneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Rudsar, Tālesh, Langrod, and Rasht.The level of overall resilience in Guilān's coastal SETTLEMENTS: In this study, various aspects of coastal SETTLEMENTS in Guilān Province's resilience have been examined. Lastly, it provided an overview of their resilience. Based on the results of the 21 indicators above, the overall resilience index of the coastal SETTLEMENTS of Guilān province has been generated, and its state has been assessed in those SETTLEMENTS. The findings indicated that while Āstāneh -ye Ashrafiyeh, Rudsar, Tālesh, Māsāl, and Langrud were in poor condition, the general resilience status in Rezvānshahr, Āstārā, Rasht, Lāhijān, and Bandar-e Anzali was good.ConclusionThere is no single remedy for managing human and coastal environmental systems, and solutions to enhance resilience may not easily proliferate among local, regional, and national governance institutions. Nevertheless, from a social point of view, the resilience of coastal SETTLEMENTS in Guilān province can be increased through social networks, participation, interaction, and communication of citizens with neighbors, insurance, and access to other financial resources. In the physical dimension, strengthening the standards of buildings, improving construction methods and building design, land use planning, and maintaining open space are measures that may enhance resilience. Controlling land use in flood-prone areas, having public infrastructure available, lifelines, retrofitting already-existing infrastructure (such as roads, bridges, electricity, water, etc.), having proper access to medical facilities, having proper access to relief organizations (Crisis Management Center and Red Hall), and expanding transportation options are some additional factors that increase resilience. To increase the resilience of the Guilān province's coastal SETTLEMENTS in urban management, it is hoped that the study's findings would be useful for more accurate and objective policy-making and planning based on the resident needs and would ultimately reflect in managers' decisions, to increase the province coastal SETTLEMENTS' level of resilience.FundingThere is no funding support.Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.

Uncertainties of the parameters cause the behavior of the systems to statistical distribution and change from what is expected. Therefore, in complex and sensitive systems, such as structures of SATELLITE carrier and SATELLITE connected to it, it is necessary to investigate the effect of uncertainty on dynamic response. In this paper, a novel finite element model of structures of SATELLITE carrier and SATELLITE is simulated to take parameters uncertainties of clamp band joint into account. This model is based on a method that calculates the distribution of axial and flexural stiffness equivalent of the clamp band joint considering all of the uncertainty. Then the vibrational behavior of the structure despite the uncertainties is investigated and a method for calculating the statistical distribution of the frequency response of the complete structure is presented. Finally, the frequency response distribution spectrum of the complete structure in both longitudinal and transverse (bending) directions is calculated. The results show that the standard deviation of the distribution in the frequency range close to the normal bending frequency due to the connection of clamp band joint has the highest value, which shows the effect of local stiffness of this connection on the dynamic response of the structure in the transverse direction. Also, the standard deviation of the distribution and consequently the effect of clamp band stiffness on the dynamic response of the structure in the longitudinal direction is small and negligible.

Architecture, planning and development with climate data and climate thermal needs of the building where is possible. This paper aims to identify and evaluate the thermal comfort indices and compliance with environmental elements in the architecture introvert Semnan province (The most striking feature of climatic City Branch in order of importance, especially in eco-urban construction, heat, intensity and duration of sunshine and low humidity are the analysis of these data are based on weather station Semnan province (12 years old) has been done. This research is a descriptive study with field and thermal indices using methods such as Oleg, architectural harmony with the climatic conditions provided for Semnan province (City. The city is preparing for the Branch. Hypothesis was examined and finally recommendations for design residential space, including the location of the physical form of buildings, window position, etc etc are provided